In their trial, error, research, there are ways. There are many factors that affect intelligence. They are:
1. Genetic factors2. Environmental factors3. Nutrition
effluvium. Function in terms of intelligence, recognition functions ~ In a balance going. Structural aspects of intelligence, first of all adverse actions giderliğiyle increasingly determined. Primitive actions are one-way:
EXAMPLE: like a cat drinking milk. These are acts for a purpose to reach. The goal there is one thing sağlanınca. If verbs are processes gifted. These are actions that material as it goes to the opposite character.
Example: 1 +1 = 2, 2 to 1 by removing one i could find again. Giderlik reverse the process to convert the collection to remove.
QUOTIENT OF CERTAIN STEPS:
1. Sensory movement intelligence: (0-1,5-2 years)2. Concrete operations: (2 - 11-12 years old)
- The formation period: (1.5 - 7-8 years)- Balance period: (7-8 --- 11-12 years)
3. Abstract processes: (11-12 --- 14 - 15 years)
1. INTELLIGENCE senses motion (0 - 1.5 - 2 years)
This form of movement and perceptions of the intelligence. This is from the period before the speech of the child is located.
Köhler, anthropoid monkeys have shown that the general intelligence of the senses motion. To capture these monkeys fruit, and a winding road following the vehicle kullanabilmekte eliminate the barrier between fruit and their own. This behavior is 11-12 ----- 18-month child from the eyes that showed the most primitive surfaces.
First step: the operation of reflexes, (0 to 1.5 months)
Reflex activity seen in children at birth. The pupil reflex, eyelid reflex, such as the sucking reflex. Reflexes play an important role in its relations with the environment. This behavior determines the child's psychological life.
Touching an object of child's mouth starts to suck. Quilt, sheet, finds a finger in her mouth takes what it absorbs. If her mother's chest towards him.
Second step: the establishment of the first groove (1 -4.5 months)
Some children take them to their mouths and their hands towards the end of the first month, suck his thumbs. Oral responses will be fused with the hand so that the reactions occurred in a new profits. Incidentally, something that becomes a habit then she hears a voice in the same format looks at the child's hand leads to this object, followed by the flame of a burning matches.
Third Phase: the goal to be distinguished from the vehicle (4.5 8-9 months)
Children's feet hit the baby shakes it, and this movement will continue.
Fourth stage: a vehicle attached to one goal, and their application to new situations (8-9 - 11 - 12 months)
During this period, literally retarded behavior begin to appear for the first time. Child objects are shaking behavior. Another object of an object which is stored in the back of each can.
Fifth Stage: Experiments by the discovery of new cars (11 - 12 --- 18 months)
Child discovers new ways of trying to catch the object on a blanket, cover by pulling it by lowering the object takes place.
Step Six: The invention of new cars through the mental thought (18 - 24 months)
Not a child anymore only through trial and error, by controlling the relationship with the conscious act itself. Earlier attempts to solve the problems faced by the new 'experience.
2. Concrete Operations
Formation period: 1.5 7-8 years of symbolic thinking in this stage, the child is born, that is one thing to another child through what can be revived.
EXAMPLE: While playing as white bread, use a stone. Symbolic function is seen in 1.5 years. Schemes used by the child's first spoken to us the path of becoming transformed into the child's senses motion suggests that the concept schemes.
This development consists of a very heavy at first, due to semi-verbal signs that senses motion schemes, does not put a word in a class object can be presented much more an experience similar to one. EXAMPLE: The boy saw the train chug-chug-der. It may recur in different situations. When he saw a car when he saw a man, or say the same thing. At this stage, children's egocentric thought. Children will identify by genre, but some, not all of them can not differentiate.
Balance Period: (7 --- 8 years old) changes in the whole, children are important to a child. During this period, classification, grading, stability, number, space concepts occurs.
3. Abstract TRANSACTIONS: (11 ---- 12 ---------- - 14 - 15 YEARS)
Started socializing from an early age of seven or eight children, eleven, twelve years after the agreement came into interpersonal rules of the game is advanced enough to understand. This can be found in an exchange of views in the period. Events began to predict the results without.
Accepts the evidence suggests that the ideas in this period. Makes assumptions. Start thinking of how things are. Non-sensory phenomena, tries to grasp the supernatural events. Support judgments logically. Tries to solve the complex relationships.
INTELLIGENCE TESTS:
WISC Intelligence Test: This test is five, applies to children between the ages of fifteen. Test general knowledge, general comprehension, arithmetic, similarities, vocabulary, picture completion, picture arrangement, the cube placement, replacement of parts, labyrinths composed. As with other intelligence tests as a result of this test occurs in the intelligence quotient.
- 130 'VERY HIGH- 120 -129 'SUPERIOR- 110-119 'BRIGHT- 90 - 109 'MEDIUM- 80 - 89 'NORMAL- 70 - 79 'STATE OF THE BORDER- 69 - and below is defined as BACK.
Single test to assess the child would be wrong. In some cases, at different times and in a different environment is useful to repeat test. The average of two different intelligence tests yetinilmemeli single test should be applied. Because the results obtained in a single IQ tests can be misleading.
Stanford - Binet Intelligence Test:
FIVE, apply to children between the age of fifteen.
WISC-R Intelligence Test:
SIX, THE SIXTEEN CHILDREN AGED applied.
Good Enough - Harris Draw a Person Test: Children are asked to draw a human image. According to the picture drawn by the details of the scoring is done. It shall be acquired according to the grade of information about intelligence.
Cattel INTELLIGENCE TEST is a test of particular note.
Children's intelligence tests of reasoning, perception, attention, vocabulary, oral expression skills, memory skills, motor skills, general knowledge and tools to measure the general understanding. These tests can be presented with the mental states of children. Do not have a problem to understand it benefits Zekalarında. In addition, a useful tool to diagnose problems. These tests should be applied by the experts during the training of the universities. Such training should not be administered by people who are not. In addition, these tests should be applied for any other purpose.
Psychological Testing:
These tests are tests to uncover bilinçaltlarını children.
For example: draw a picture about children, we can provide very important clues. Children's Insecure MI, MU introverted, do not you, DO YOU HAVE A MIND OF A PROBLEM, DO YOU HAVE A PROBLEM WITH FAMILY lived with his image reflected in all this.
No comments:
Post a Comment